Save the life of a victim in shock, by some simple steps to be followed. In some cases when road traffic crashes occur, it results to victims having shock. Meanwhile before going deep into the explanation of shock, let me explain the normal condition of the body Circulation of blood before shock occured which is perfusion.
Perfusion is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in sufficient amount to meet the cells needs for oxygen and nutrients. Also, blood must remain at a pressure to maintain adequate perfusion. Shock is an acute medical condition that has to do with a fall in blood pressure, caused by such events as loss of blood, severe burns, allergic reaction or sudden emotional stress, irregular breathing and dilated pupil.
Classification of shock
There are four classification of shocks: Neurogenic, Hypovolaemic, Cardiogenic and Anaphylactic
Neurogenic shock
It means loss of autonomic control. Causes: severe head injury spinal injury, drug reaction and severe emotional distress
Hypovolaemic shock
That is a severe reduction in the volume and pressure of circulation of blood. Causes: loss of blood (haemorrhage), loss of plasma(burns) and loss of body fluid(dehydration)
Cardiogenic shock
This apply to any event which reduces the heart's ability to pump efficiently. Causes: myocardial infarction, abnormal heart rhythm, tension pneumothorax and cardiac tapenade
Anaphylactic shock
Overwhelming allergic reaction. Causes: bites and stings, drug reaction, certain foodstuffs and transfusions reaction.
Compensation stage of shock
This is the body's natural defence mechanism to shock. As the condition progresses symptoms begin to develop like vasoconstriction, increase heart rate and increase respiratory rate
Decompensate stage of shock
This occurs when the compensatory mechanism have been fully activated. Pronounced signs and symptoms begin to develop: rapid weak pulse(tachycardia), rapid breathing (tachypnoea), pale/cold/clammy skin and altered level of consciousness
Management of Victim In shock
- Lay the patient down and reassure
- Maintain an open and clear airway
- Control any external bleeding
- Urgent transport to hospital monitoring vital signs
- Administer high concentration of oxygen(12 - 15 ipm via non-rebreathing mask)
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